Jumper's knee, also known as patellar tendonitis or patellar tendinopathy, is a common overuse injury that affects the patellar tendon. The patellar tendon is the thick, strong tendon that connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). This condition is frequently seen in athletes, especially those involved in jumping sports like basketball and volleyball, hence the name "jumper's knee."

Causes:

Jumper's knee usually develops due to repetitive stress and strain on the patellar tendon. The condition is often caused by activities that involve frequent jumping, sudden changes in direction, or explosive movements. Continuous stress on the tendon can lead to small tears or degeneration, resulting in pain and inflammation.

Symptoms:

The main symptom of jumper's knee is pain around the lower part of the kneecap, just below it. The pain may start off as mild and only appear during physical activity, but it can progressively worsen and become constant, even during normal daily activities. Swelling and tenderness in the area are also common. In severe cases, the pain may hinder performance and even make it difficult to bend the knee.

Treatment:

Treating jumper's knee typically involves a combination of conservative measures, including:

Rest: Avoid activities that exacerbate the pain and allow the tendon time to heal.
Ice: Applying ice packs to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
Compression: Wearing a knee brace or bandage may provide support and reduce strain on the tendon.
Elevation: Elevating the leg when resting can help reduce swelling.
Physical therapy: A structured rehabilitation program that includes strengthening exercises for the quadriceps and hamstring muscles can help improve the condition.
Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen may help manage pain and inflammation.
Corticosteroid injections: In some cases, a doctor may recommend corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain. However, these are typically used sparingly due to potential side effects and their impact on tendon healing.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT): This non-invasive procedure uses shockwaves to stimulate blood flow and promote healing in the affected area.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy: PRP involves injecting a concentrated solution of the patient's blood platelets into the injured area to aid in healing.

In severe or persistent cases, when conservative treatments fail to provide relief, surgery may be considered. Surgery for jumper's knee typically involves removing damaged tissue and repairing the tendon.

Prevention:

To reduce the risk of developing jumper's knee, athletes can take several preventive measures, including:

Gradually increasing the intensity and duration of training or sports activities.
Ensuring proper technique and form during jumping and landing.
Wearing appropriate footwear that provides adequate support and cushioning.
Engaging in regular stretching and strengthening exercises for the lower limbs.
Allowing sufficient rest and recovery between training sessions.
Listening to the body and addressing any pain or discomfort promptly.

If you suspect you have jumper's knee or are experiencing knee pain, it is essential to seek evaluation and guidance from a healthcare professional.