Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition that affects the tendons in your fingers, causing them to become inflamed and resulting in difficulty in moving the affected finger(s). The condition gets its name from the triggering or snapping sensation that occurs when you try to straighten or bend the affected finger(s).
Here's a brief explanation of how trigger finger develops:
Tendons and sheath: Tendons are strong, fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones. The tendons in your fingers are surrounded by a protective sheath, which helps them glide smoothly during finger movements.
Inflammation and narrowing: When the tendon or the surrounding sheath becomes inflamed or irritated, it can lead to swelling and thickening of the tendon. This can cause the space within the sheath to narrow, making it difficult for the tendon to move freely.
Catching and triggering: As you try to bend or straighten your finger, the thickened tendon may catch on the narrowed opening of the sheath. When you apply more force to overcome the resistance, the tendon may suddenly release, resulting in a triggering or snapping sensation.
Several factors can contribute to the development of trigger finger:
Repetitive hand or finger movements: Activities that involve repetitive gripping, such as using tools, playing musical instruments, or typing extensively, can strain the tendons and increase the risk of trigger finger.
Medical conditions: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, gout, and hypothyroidism are associated with an increased risk of developing trigger finger.
Gender and age: Trigger finger is more common in women, and it typically affects individuals between the ages of 40 and 60.
Trauma or injury: In some cases, direct trauma or injury to the affected finger can lead to trigger finger.
Symptoms of trigger finger may include:
Catching or locking sensation in the affected finger(s) when trying to move them.
Pain or discomfort at the base of the finger or palm.
Stiffness or inability to straighten the affected finger(s) without assistance.
Popping or clicking sensation when moving the finger(s).
Finger(s) remaining in a bent position, especially in the morning, which may improve with activity throughout the day.
If you suspect you have trigger finger, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or orthopedic specialist. They can evaluate your condition, provide a proper diagnosis, and recommend appropriate treatment options, which may include rest, splinting, exercises, medications, or, in severe cases, surgery.