Compartment syndrome is a condition characterized by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, which can lead to decreased blood flow and potential damage to nerves and muscles. It typically occurs following an injury or trauma, such as a fracture or crush injury. The increased pressure within the compartment can restrict blood flow, oxygen delivery, and waste removal, causing tissue damage. Common symptoms include severe pain, swelling, numbness, and muscle weakness. Compartment syndrome is considered a medical emergency and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment, often through surgical intervention called a fasciotomy, to relieve the pressure and prevent further complications.

How can physical therapy manage compartment syndrome?

Physical therapy plays a supportive role in the management of compartment syndrome, primarily in the rehabilitation phase after surgical intervention. The goals of physical therapy for compartment syndrome include reducing pain and swelling, restoring range of motion and strength, and improving overall function. Here are some ways physical therapy can help:

Passive range of motion exercises: Initially, when the affected area is immobilized, physical therapists may perform passive range of motion exercises to maintain joint mobility and prevent stiffness.
Edema control techniques: Physical therapists can use various techniques like manual lymphatic drainage, elevation, compression bandaging, and ice application to reduce swelling and promote fluid drainage.
Therapeutic exercises: As the healing progresses, therapeutic exercises are introduced to improve strength, flexibility, and endurance. These exercises are tailored to the individual's specific needs and may include stretching, resistance training, and functional movements.
Gait training: If compartment syndrome affects the lower limbs, physical therapists may assist in gait retraining to restore normal walking patterns and ensure proper weight-bearing.
Activity modification and education: Physical therapists can provide guidance on modifying activities and implementing ergonomic principles to prevent overuse or repetitive stress that may contribute to compartment syndrome.

It is important to note that physical therapy alone cannot cure compartment syndrome but can complement surgical intervention and help in the rehabilitation process. The specific treatment approach and exercises will depend on the individual's condition, the affected area, and the recommendations of the healthcare team.