Headaches and migraines can be caused by a variety of factors, including structural issues in the head, neck and shoulders. Here are some common structural issues that can contribute to headaches and migraines:

1. Tension in the neck and shoulders: Tension in the neck and shoulders can cause headaches and migraines, especially if it is chronic. This tension can be caused by poor posture, stress, or injury. Here’s a great video about tension headaches you might want to check out.

2. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders: The TMJ is the joint that connects the jawbone to the skull. If the TMJ is not functioning properly, it can cause headaches and migraines.

3. Cranial bone misalignment: The bones of the skull can become misaligned, which can put pressure on the brain and cause headaches and migraines.

4. Sinus problems: Sinusitis and other sinus problems can cause headaches and migraines, particularly when they cause inflammation and pressure in the sinuses.

5. Spinal misalignment: Misalignment in the spine can cause tension in the neck and shoulders, which can lead to headaches and migraines.

It is important to note that not all headaches and migraines are caused by structural issues, and that many factors can contribute to these conditions. If you are experiencing chronic headaches or migraines, it is important to consult a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Headaches and migraines can be treated with physical therapy in several ways. PT can help reduce pain, improve function, and prevent future headaches and migraines. Here are some of the techniques that a physical therapist may use to treat headaches and migraines:

1. Manual Therapy: Physical therapists may use hands-on techniques to release tension in the neck and shoulder muscles, which can contribute to headaches and migraines. This may include massage, joint mobilization, and stretching. Based on the initial assessment, PT treatment will be tailored specifically to your case.

2. Posture Correction: Physical therapists can help correct posture problems that may be contributing to headaches and migraines. They may teach you exercises and stretches to improve your posture and relieve tension in the neck and shoulders.

3. Trigger Point Release: Trigger points are tight knots in the muscles that can cause pain and referred pain to other areas of the body, including the head. Physical therapists can use techniques to release trigger points and relieve pain.

4. Exercise and Movement Therapy: Physical therapists can teach you exercises to strengthen your neck and shoulder muscles and improve your overall flexibility and range of motion. This can help reduce tension and prevent future headaches and migraines.

5. Education and Lifestyle Modifications: Physical therapists can educate you on lifestyle modifications that can help reduce headaches and migraines. This may include stress management techniques, relaxation techniques, and ergonomic modifications to your work and home environment.

It's important to note that physical therapy may not be effective for all types of headaches and migraines. You should consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment for your individual condition.