1. Heat Therapy: Applying heat directly to the affected area can help to reduce pain and stiffness by increasing blood flow to the area, which can help to reduce inflammation. Heat therapy can be applied using a heating pad, hot water bottle, or warm baths.

2. Cold Therapy: Applying cold to the affected area can help to reduce pain and stiffness by decreasing inflammation and numbing the area. Cold therapy can be applied using a cold pack, an ice pack, or a bag of frozen vegetables.

3. Stretching and Exercise: Stretching and exercise can help to reduce stiffness and improve joint range of motion. Exercise can also help to strengthen the muscles around the joint and improve flexibility.

4. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help to reduce pain and stiffness by strengthening the muscles around the joint and improving flexibility.

5. Massage: Massage can help to reduce stiffness by increasing circulation, relaxing the muscles, and increasing joint range of motion.

6. Acupuncture: Acupuncture can help to reduce pain and stiffness by stimulating the body's natural healing response.

7. Ultrasound: Ultrasound therapy uses sound waves to increase circulation and reduce inflammation.

8. Chiropractic Adjustments: Chiropractic adjustments can help to reduce pain and stiffness by realigning the spine and joints. These often provide a temporary relief where physical therapy combined with specific stretches and exercises may offer a long term relief and maintenance.

9. Dietary Supplements: Dietary supplements, such as glucosamine and chondroitin, can help to reduce pain and stiffness by providing the body with essential nutrients needed to support joint health.

10. Herbal Remedies: Herbal remedies, such as turmeric and ginger, can help to reduce pain and stiffness by reducing inflammation.

11. Hot and Cold Showers: Alternating hot and cold showers can help to reduce pain and stiffness. The hot water increases circulation and the cold water reduces inflammation.

12. Topical Anesthetics: Topical anesthetics, such as lidocaine and benzocaine, can help to reduce pain and stiffness by numbing the area.

13. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): TENS is a therapy that uses electrical stimulation to reduce pain and stiffness.

14. Biofeedback: Biofeedback is a therapy that uses the body's own signals to help the patient control pain and reduce stiffness.

15. Trigger Point Injections: Trigger point injections involve injecting a local anesthetic into the affected area to reduce pain and stiffness.

16. Joint Mobilization: Joint mobilization is a therapy performed by physical therapists that involves manually manipulating the joint to reduce stiffness and improve range of motion.

17. Topical Pain Relievers: Topical pain relievers, such as creams and ointments, can help to reduce pain and stiffness. These products usually contain ingredients such as menthol and capsaicin, which can help to reduce inflammation and provide temporary relief.

18. Muscle Relaxants: Muscle relaxants, such as antispasmodics, can help to reduce pain and stiffness by relaxing the muscles.

19. Corticosteroid Injections: Corticosteroid injections can help to reduce pain and stiffness by reducing inflammation.

20. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the underlying cause of stiffness.